Nem Raj Sunda Agriculture Quiz: Evolution, History
"Practice key questions on agricultural evolution and history with Nem Raj Sunda Quiz. Ideal for competitive exam preparation."
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इस क्विज़ में आपको "Evolution and History" और "General Agriculture" से संबंधित 40-40 Question मिलेंगे।
Evolution and History
1. The word "genetic" is derived from which language?
Explanation: The term "genetics" originates from the Greek word genetikos, which means "generative," and that in turn comes from genesis, meaning "origin" or "to give birth." Therefore, both meanings are contextually correct.
2. What was the title of the book on systematics written by Carolus Linnaeus? (ICAR AIEEE 2019)
Explanation: Carolus Linnaeus, known as the father of modern taxonomy, published his groundbreaking work Systema Naturae in 1735. This book established a hierarchical system for classifying the natural world that is still the basis of modern taxonomy.
3. Which of the following words is NOT derived from a Greek word?
Explanation: The word "Evolution" comes from the Latin word evolvere, meaning "to unroll." The other terms originate from Greek: Pedology (pedon - soil), Nematode (nema - thread), Biodynamics (bios - life, dynamis - power), and Enzyme (en - in, zyme - leaven).
4. The National Seeds Corporation was established in 1963. True or False?
Explanation: True. The National Seeds Corporation (NSC) was established on March 19, 1963, under the Ministry of Agriculture to manage the production and distribution of high-quality foundation and certified seeds in India.
5. Choose the incorrect match from the options below:
Explanation: All the given matches are correct. Each committee and service was established in the year mentioned, making "None of These" the correct choice for an incorrect match.
6. Who is considered the father of the Green Revolution in India? (ICAR AIEEE 2019)
Explanation: Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is widely regarded as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India" for his instrumental role in developing and introducing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, which transformed Indian agriculture.
7. The Famine Commission was appointed in which year?
Explanation: The first Famine Commission was appointed in 1880 under Sir Richard Strachey's chairmanship. It was tasked with investigating the causes of frequent famines in India and recommending preventative measures.
8. The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was launched in which year?
Explanation: The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in August 1998. It was designed to provide farmers with timely and adequate credit for their agricultural needs in a simple and flexible manner.
9. The Model Village Scheme in ____ was launched by ____.
Explanation: Sir Daniel Hamilton launched his pioneering Model Village Scheme in 1903 in the Sunderbans area of Bengal, focusing on rural reconstruction through cooperative principles.
10. The Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage (DPPQ&S) is located in ____ and was established in ____?
Explanation: The Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage (DPPQ&S) was established in 1946, and its headquarters are located in Faridabad, Haryana.
11. Choose the correct matching from the given options.
Explanation: All the listed early rural development projects are correctly matched with their founders and their respective years of initiation.
12. What was the cause of the Irish Famine?
Explanation: The Great Irish Famine (1845-1849) was caused by a potato disease called "late blight of potato." The scientific name of the causal organism, a water mold, is Phytophthora infestans. Thus, both options A and C are correct.
13. When did the National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) begin?
Explanation: The National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) was launched during the 7th Five Year Plan in 1986-87 to enhance agricultural productivity in rain-dependent regions.
14. In which year was the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) created?
Explanation: The Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) was created within the Ministry of Agriculture in December 1973 to oversee agricultural research and education in India.
15. The establishment of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) was recommended by which committee?
Explanation: The establishment of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), or Farm Science Centres, was recommended by the Mohan Singh Mehta Committee in 1973. The first KVK was established in 1974 in Puducherry.
16. When was the Imperial (now Indian) Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) established in New Delhi?
Explanation: The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established on July 16, 1929, as an autonomous body based on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Agriculture.
17. What was the first animal to be domesticated?
Explanation: Strong archaeological and genetic evidence indicates that the dog (🐕) was the first animal to be domesticated by humans, likely from an ancestor of the modern gray wolf, over 15,000 years ago.
18. The Forest Research Institute (FRI) was established at _____ in _____?
Explanation: The Forest Research Institute (FRI) was established as the Imperial Forest Research Institute in 1906 and is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
19. Who is the present Director General (DG) of ICAR?
Explanation: Dr. Himanshu Pathak took office as the Secretary of DARE and Director General of ICAR on August 1, 2022. Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra was his predecessor.
20. In which year was the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) merged into the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)?
Explanation: In 2014, several ongoing schemes related to horticulture, including the NHM, were brought under a single umbrella program, the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), for better coordination and resource allocation.
21. When was the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) started?
Explanation: The National Horticulture Mission (NHM) was launched in May 2005 during the 10th Five Year Plan to foster comprehensive growth in the horticulture sector.
22. The National Commission on Farmers was constituted on ______ under the chairmanship of _____?
Explanation: The Government of India constituted the National Commission on Farmers (NCF) on November 18, 2004, with Prof. M. S. Swaminathan as its chairman to address issues of farmer distress.
23. The monthly magazine 'Indian Farming' was started by?
Explanation: 'Indian Farming' is a popular monthly magazine published by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It was first published in 1940.
24. The cultivation of wheat and barley started during which period?
Explanation: The beginning of agriculture, marked by the cultivation of crops like wheat and barley, is dated to the Neolithic period. Archaeological sites in the Fertile Crescent and the Indian subcontinent show evidence of this starting around 7500 BC.
25. Choose the correct option:
Explanation: All the listed events and their corresponding years are historically correct, representing key milestones in Indian agricultural development.
26. When did the cultivation of sugarcane and irrigation through wells begin?
Explanation: The cultivation of crops like sugarcane and the use of iron tools for digging wells for irrigation became more prevalent in India during the later Vedic period, around 1500 BC.
27. Acid rain is caused by $H_2SO_4$ and $HNO_3$. True or False?
Explanation: True. Acid rain forms when atmospheric pollutants like sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) and nitric acid ($HNO_3$).
28. Where and when was the National Gene Bank established?
Explanation: The National Gene Bank was established in 1996 at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) campus in New Delhi to conserve the genetic diversity of crop plants.
29. What is Olericulture?
Explanation: Olericulture is the branch of horticulture dealing with vegetable cultivation. The term is derived from the Latin words oleris (meaning "pot herb") and cultura ("cultivation"). Thus, it refers to both the study and the root meaning.
30. What is the project cost ceiling for an individual under the Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres (ACABC) scheme?
Explanation: Under the ACABC scheme, the ceiling for a project cost for an individual is ₹20 lakhs (which can be extended to ₹25 lakhs for very successful ventures). This is the amount for which a subsidy can be claimed.
31. When was the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) established in New Delhi?
Explanation: The Imperial (now Indian) Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established on July 16, 1929, in New Delhi to coordinate, guide, and manage agricultural research and education in the country.
32. What is the maximum project cost ceiling for a group under the Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres (ACABC) scheme?
Explanation: For a group project under the ACABC scheme, which involves at least five trained individuals, the maximum project cost for which a subsidy can be claimed is ₹100 lakhs.
33. Approximately what percentage of the national GDP does the agriculture sector contribute?
Explanation: The contribution of the agriculture and allied sectors to India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been in the range of 18-20% in recent years, though this figure can fluctuate annually.
34. When was the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd. (NAFED) established?
Explanation: NAFED was established on Gandhi Jayanti, October 2, 1958, to promote the cooperative marketing of agricultural products and benefit farmers across India.
35. When was the Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India first published?
Explanation: The Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, founded in 1820, began publishing its 'Transactions' or journal around 1824 AD, making it one of the earliest such scientific publications in the region.
36. In _____, the Great Bengal Famine occurred, partly due to _____.
Explanation: The Great Bengal Famine of 1943 was exacerbated by a severe outbreak of brown spot disease in rice, which is caused by the fungus Helminthosporium oryzae. This led to a catastrophic crop failure.
37. When did the Great Bengal Famine occur?
Explanation: The devastating Great Bengal Famine, which caused millions of deaths from starvation and disease, took place in 1943 during World War II.
38. When and where was the National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management (NAARM) established?
Explanation: The National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management (NAARM) was officially established by ICAR in 1976 in Hyderabad to serve as a centre for capacity building in agricultural research and management.
39. When was the joint Department of Revenue, Agriculture, and Commerce (DRAC) established?
Explanation: On the recommendation of Lord Mayo, the British Indian government established the Department of Revenue, Agriculture, and Commerce in June 1871 to focus on agrarian matters.
40. When was the Lab to Land Programme (LLP) started?
Explanation: The Lab to Land Programme (LLP) was launched by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in 1979 to celebrate its Golden Jubilee. The program's objective was to transfer proven technologies to small and marginal farmers to improve their livelihoods.
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General Agriculture
1. The term "Response Farming" was coined by?
Explanation: The concept of Response Farming, which involves adjusting farming practices based on real-time weather forecasts and soil conditions, was introduced by J. Ian Stewart to optimize water use efficiency in rainfed agriculture.
2. The term "Green Revolution" was first used by?
Explanation: While Dr. Swaminathan is the "Father of the Green Revolution in India," the term itself was coined by William S. Gaud, an administrator at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), in a 1968 speech.
3. Golden rice is a rich precursor source of which vitamin?
Explanation: Golden Rice is genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene in its edible grain. The human body converts beta-carotene into Vitamin A, helping to combat deficiency in populations with rice-based diets.
4. What is the general term for shifting cultivation, which might be practiced in Bihar?
Explanation: "Slash and Burn" is the general English term for the farming method where vegetation is cut down and burned to clear land for cultivation. Podu, Walra, and Bewar are specific regional names for this practice in other parts of India.
5. What was the first major transgenic crop to be commercialized?
Explanation: While the very first genetically modified plant was tobacco, Bt. Cotton was one of the first and most commercially successful transgenic crops, engineered to resist bollworms, and was widely adopted globally.
6. Which test measures the self-purification capacity of a water body?
Explanation: The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic microorganisms to break down organic material. A low BOD indicates high water quality and good self-purification capacity.
7. Who was the architect of 'Operation Flood'?
Explanation: Dr. Verghese Kurien is celebrated as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India for his leadership of 'Operation Flood,' the world's largest dairy development program.
8. The Minimum Support Price (MSP) for various crops is recommended by which body?
Explanation: The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) is the government body that recommends the Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for major agricultural products to the central government.
9. Which primary tillage plough is specifically designed to cut, lift, and invert the soil?
Explanation: The Mouldboard plough is designed with a curved board that inverts the soil furrow slice, burying weeds and crop residues, which is a key process in primary tillage.
10. The United Nations has declared 2024 as the International Year of what?
Explanation: The year 2024 has been designated as the International Year of Camelids by the UN to raise awareness about the crucial role these animals play in the livelihoods of millions in harsh environments.
11. The Soil Health Card scheme was launched in which year?
Explanation: The Soil Health Card scheme was launched by the Government of India on 19 February 2015 to provide farmers with soil nutrient status reports and recommendations for fertilizer use.
12. The influential environmental book 'Silent Spring' was written by?
Explanation: 'Silent Spring,' a book that documented the adverse environmental effects caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides and is credited with launching the modern environmental movement, was written by American biologist Rachel Carson in 1962.
13. Bollgard II Bt Cotton varieties contain both cry1Ac and cry2Ab genes. True or False?
Explanation: True. Bollgard II technology involves stacking two different Bt genes, cry1Ac and cry2Ab, which produce distinct insecticidal proteins. This provides broader and more effective protection against bollworm pests.
14. The Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research is located in which state?
Explanation: The Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research (DRMR) is located in Sewar, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, a major mustard-growing region in India.
15. The concept of 'crop ideotype' was proposed by?
Explanation: C.M. Donald, an Australian agronomist, introduced the concept of 'crop ideotype' in 1968. An ideotype is a model plant designed to yield a greater quantity or quality of product when grown in a specific environment.
16. Which part of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is used to extract opium?
Explanation: Opium is extracted from the latex, which is the milky fluid obtained by scoring the unripe seed pod or fruit of the opium poppy. The seeds themselves do not contain significant amounts of opiates.
17. The first All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) was started on which crop?
Explanation: The first All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) was launched in 1957 on Maize. This marked a new era of systematic and collaborative agricultural research in India.
18. The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) aims to increase the production of which crops?
Explanation: The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) was initially launched to increase the production of rice, wheat, and pulses. It was later expanded to include coarse cereals (millets) and commercial crops. The core focus remains on staple food grains.
19. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a protein that is toxic to insect larvae like bollworms. True or False?
Explanation: True. Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacterium that produces crystal proteins (Cry proteins) which, when ingested by specific insect larvae, become toxic in their alkaline gut, disrupting their digestive system and leading to death.
20. Which of the following 'International Year' designations by the UN is correct?
Explanation: All the listed designations are correct. The UN declared 2004 for Rice, 2015 for Soils, 2020 for Plant Health, 2023 for Millets, and 2024 for Camelids, among others, to raise global awareness on these important topics.
21. Which pair of medicinal plant and its botanical name is INCORRECTLY matched?
Explanation: The botanical name for Safed Musli is Chlorophytum borivilianum, while Commiphora wightii is the botanical name for Guggal. Therefore, the match for Safed Musli is incorrect.
22. Who is known as the father of zero tillage?
Explanation: G.B. Triplett is widely recognized as the "Father of Zero Tillage" for his pioneering research in the 1960s on no-till farming systems, which minimize soil disturbance.
23. According to the National Forest Policy of India, what is the optimum forest area required for ecological balance?
Explanation: The National Forest Policy of 1988 stipulates that the national goal should be to have a minimum of one-third (or 33%) of the total land area of the country under forest or tree cover.
24. In the context of space exploration, 'Terraforming' means making which planet more Earth-like?
Explanation: Terraforming is a hypothetical process of modifying a planet's atmosphere, temperature, and ecology to make it habitable for Earth-like life. Mars is the most commonly cited candidate for such a project.
25. What is the full form of GEAC in the context of biotechnology in India?
Explanation: The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the apex body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change for regulating the research, manufacture, use, import, and export of GMOs in India.
26. Who is globally recognized as the "Father of Hybrid Rice"?
Explanation: Chinese agronomist Yuan Longping is celebrated worldwide as the "Father of Hybrid Rice" for developing the first hybrid rice varieties in the 1970s, which significantly boosted rice yields.
27. What is the term for applying inputs like seeds and fertilizers based on specific crop needs within a field?
Explanation: Both Precision Farming and Site-Specific Farming are terms used to describe the management strategy of using technology to observe, measure, and respond to inter- and intra-field variability in crops.
28. Statement 1: 2016 was the International Year of Pulses. Statement 2: The theme for the 2023 International Year of Millets was 'Harnessing the untapped potential of millets for food security'. Which is correct?
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The UN designated 2016 as the International Year of Pulses. The official theme for the International Year of Millets in 2023 was indeed "Harnessing the untapped potential of millets for food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture."
29. The book entitled 'To a Hunger-Free World: The Story of the Green Revolution' was written by?
Explanation: Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, the architect of India's Green Revolution, authored this book, detailing his journey and the scientific efforts to make India self-sufficient in food grains.
30. In conservation tillage practices, 'minimum tillage' typically leaves what percentage of crop residue on the soil surface?
Explanation: Minimum tillage is a form of conservation tillage where the amount of soil disturbance is reduced. It is generally characterized by leaving 15-30% of crop residue on the surface after planting. Leaving more than 30% is typically classified as no-till.
31. The motto 'Har Khet ko Pani' (Water to every field) is associated with which government scheme?
Explanation: 'Har Khet ko Pani' is a key objective of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), which aims to expand irrigated area and improve water use efficiency.
32. Which farming technique uses high-tech sensors and analysis tools to manage field variability? (NABARD Grade A 2022)
Explanation: Precision Farming is the modern agricultural management system that uses technologies like GPS, sensors, and data analytics to manage spatial and temporal variability within fields for optimum profitability and environmental protection.
33. The 'Law of Diminishing Returns' as applied to crop yield response to fertilizers was described by:
Explanation: While the concept is classical, Eilhard Mitscherlich formulated a mathematical equation known as Mitscherlich's Law of Diminishing Returns, which describes how crop yield increases with fertilizer application up to a point, after which the response diminishes.
34. In row-zone tillage, secondary tillage is limited to the seedbed area, and herbicides like Paraquat are often used for weed control. Are both statements true?
Explanation: Both statements accurately describe key aspects of conservation tillage, specifically row-zone or strip-tillage. Tillage is confined to the crop row, and broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicides like paraquat are used to manage weeds between the rows.
35. The gas responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984 was:
Explanation: The catastrophic Bhopal disaster was caused by the accidental release of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas from a Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant.
36. In a true 'zero tillage' or 'no-till' system, what percentage of crop residue should ideally remain on the soil surface?
Explanation: Zero tillage or no-till farming is a conservation agriculture practice where the soil is left undisturbed. A key characteristic is maintaining a high level of crop residue cover, generally defined as more than 30%, on the soil surface.
37. The 'Golden Revolution' in India is related to the increased production of:
Explanation: The period of rapid growth in horticulture from 1991 to 2003 is known as the Golden Revolution. It encompasses the significant production increase in both fruits and honey, as well as other horticultural products.
38. The primary gases responsible for acid rain are:
Explanation: Acid rain is primarily caused by the atmospheric reaction of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$, including $NO_2$) with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.
39. 'Eco-farming' is another name for which type of agriculture? (Sugarcane Supervisor-2019)
Explanation: 'Eco-farming' or 'Ecological Farming' are terms often used interchangeably with Organic Farming. Both emphasize agricultural production systems that are environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable.
40. The International Year of Pulses was declared by the UN for which year?
Explanation: The 68th UN General Assembly declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses to raise awareness about the nutritional benefits and sustainable production of pulses.
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